Neuro radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Important among them are CT scan and MRI. MR imaging is superior to CT in diagnosis of brain tumor.

ADVANCES IN MR IMAGING 

MR SPECTROSCOPY

This relies on chemical shift and in quantifying certain metabolites in the tumor. Each of these metabolites yields a characteristic resonance frequency. It depicts changes in the metabolic profile of brain tumors as compared with normal brain tissue.

PERFUSION MR IMAGING

This characterizes vascularity with in brain tumors and surrounding brain tissue. It helps in assessing the severity of the grade of the cancer. Sometimes the survival of the patient can be predicted using this technique.

DIFFUSION MR IMAGING

This technique utilizes the motion of water. It helps to differentiate between low grade and high-grade brain cancers. Primary and secondary tumors can also be differentiated. The important nerve tissue can be delineated and tumor margins can be better defined. This is called diffusion tractography. It helps in surgical planning and enables better resection and improving surgical safety.

FUNCTIONAL MR IMAGING

This is based on the principle that areas of neuronal activation use oxygenated blood to a greater degree than areas at rest. Motor and language areas can be localized and combined with tractography, it gives very precise information in diagnosis and for treatment planning. Characterization of brain lesion is possible aiding in prognostication.

PET SCANS

These scans are very helpful in distinguishing low-grade cancers from high grade ones and between tumor recurrence and post radiation injury. 

The latest innovation is combined PET/MR imaging to optimize patient care and improving outcomes in neuro oncology.